American Civil War Research Paper - 1118 Words

The deadliest war in American history is known as the American Civil War killing nearly 620,000 soldiers and a mass amount of civilians. The War Between the States was fought between Southern slave states and the United States federal government. Southern states formed a group called the Confederacy, which went against the beliefs of the Union. Jefferson Davis of the Confederate States of America and Abraham Lincoln sought different views on slavery. Lincoln believed that all slaves should be emancipated and advocated the restoration of the Union. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 supported the belief that all slaves who escaped, once captured were to be returned to their owners. This led to the War Governors’ Conference on September†¦show more content†¦The shackles slaves had worn had then become a cash profit by selling the material as iron. The block that men were called upon to be sold to slave owners was banished. All men have the right to freedom as an American citizen; therefore will make their own decisions without influence from an individual with higher class status.† The secession is reasonable to the citizen for each and every individual has their own right to liberty and freedom under the laws of the constitution. â€Å"Union only made the procedure of redrafting southern states a faster process.† On an international level, the support from England or Britain was completely in Lincoln’s favor to go through with the abolishment of slavery. With the prior end of slavery in Br itain and France, not only would Lincoln gain respect but support as well for this new approach. The Slavery Abolition Act in Britain was an act that refused the owning of slaves in the colonies. Lincoln supported the views of the British and transformed their views into the life of an American citizen. With outside support from other countries only helped America on a international level. After Europe had restored their Union, the hope of Americans according to the diary of John Beauchamp Jones â€Å"believed that it was the United States that would soon be recognized and hope for a new outlook was in store.† African Americans had believed that â€Å"the proclamation would completely transform eachShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Slavery On Women During The Civil War877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Lost Cause of the Confederacy, an intellectual movement that believes the civil war was fought over honor and ideals instead of slavery, is because Southern Women saw the Civil Wa r as a war on one of the fundamentals that made up their way life. My research paper is about understanding the effects that slavery had on women during and prior to the civil war, and how the absence of slavery effected them. This research will be used in order to paint a picture of how slavery effect all southern womenRead MoreNew Technology During The Civil War Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War Paper A few years ago I was curious and did a free name search on Ancestery.com , and what I found was that hundreds of people with the Ellison last name served on both sides in the Civil War. In honor of this interesting fact I would like to explore this time period in American history to see how my ancestors lived. In this paper I am going to primarily put my focus on the people of this war , and what technology used during this period of dramatic change in american history. Read MoreDiscovering The American Past : The Port Royal Experiment, 1861-1865 ( 237-274 )1562 Words   |  7 Pages APUSH: Juniors Seniors 1st Period 8:20-9:06 Monday: 11/30/15 Discovering the American Past: Ch 10: â€Å"No More Pint o’ Salt for Me†: The Port Royal Experiment, 1861-1865 (237-274) In Class Read: 1. Problem 237-238 Task: Analyze evidence in order to answer the following two questions A. Would the Sea Island blacks be able to use the educational, economic, and military opportunities made available to them to become knowledgeable, responsible, and productiveRead MorePurly Imaginative Subject by Gary J. Kornblith933 Words   |  4 Pagesmethodology in research of causation. According to Kornblith, counterfactual exercises are necessary to â€Å"think more clearly about causation and to distinguish between essential factors and coincidental developments†(79). He uses the counterfactual method to present the idea that if Henry Clay had been elected in 1844, which he goes on to prove as plausible, we would be in a much different country. The thesis as a whole is stated as â€Å"†¦ My focus is on a different pair of wars: the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848Read More Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesright to citizenship in the United States. The quote mentioned above was proclaimed by African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass, and served as motivation for African Americans to enlist in the Union’s Army efforts and take an initiative in their future. With President Abraham Lincolns issue of his Preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, the Civil War developed to be a war to ultimately save the union and to abolish slavery. Blacks overall played a substantial part inRead MoreExploring Howard Zinns Life 1575 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores Howard Zinn’s life as an influential historian and public intellectual. It argues for his critical, singular position as an academic who left a mark on generations of Americans as well as international persons by guiding us all to critically view various institutions and structures of power, particularly in the realm of government. By looking at four major aspects of his life, as radical historian, civil rights crusader, anti-war activist, and labor rights activist, the paper delineatesRead MoreA Nation Of Counterfeiters By Stephen Mihm1033 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Mihm. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2007. Between the time of the American Revolution and the Civil War the U.S. had no national paper currency. Chartered banks and their privately issued notes proliferated. Countless banks issued paper money in a bewildering variety of denominations and designs—more than ten thousand different kinds by 1860. Counterfeiters flourished amid this anarchy, putting vast quantities of bogus bills into circulation. The Continental was America’s currencyRead MoreCivil War Movement : Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X1212 Words   |  5 Pages Research paper History 11.21 December 23, 2014 Civil War Movement: Martin Luther King Jr/ Malcolm X Many years after blacks had received citizenship and the right to vote there was still much bias against them. Because of their skin color African Americans hadn’t been treated fairly and did not have the same rights as whites. In theRead MoreUs History Before 1877 Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. before 1877 Library paper Directions: Step 1 – Library Hours. Print the hours the library is open and where you found the information. (2 points) I went to sfccmo.edu in my safari browser. Then I clicked on the â€Å"Resource’s for† tab. Next I clicked on the â€Å"Proctor Library† tab. Then I scrolled down and the hours are posted on the far left side of the page. Hours Fall and Spring Semesters 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday-Thursday 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday Closed Saturday and Sunday Summer SemesterRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of The Ending Of Slavery And The Creation Of Sharecropping1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe need for more scholarly research on the subject matter. There is a wide range of primary source that can be used to support the thesis statement. And in the following, pages this propose will do three things; first it will give some historical context to the thesis statement via the secondary sources, secondly it will give an overview of the primary sources that will be used in this paper, and thirdly it will explore some of the possible issue that the research paper will hope to address. It was

Personal Narrative Living Versus Existing - 1709 Words

William R Madden Professor Bargdill English 110 6/6/2017 Personal narrative: Living vs Existing I was born in the North Eastern United States during the latter half of the 1970’s. The product of loving, if unadventurous, parents. The surroundings of my home were a place of great enjoyment as a child, and by my fourth or fifth year of life, no place along the street of my home was off limits. The early eighties were quite different from today, and it was very common for the children that lived all along my subdivision to roam the outdoors at all hours. During this time, exploring and at play, I felt truly alive. Every experience was new: the smell of freshly cut grass, the sound a basketball made during a game of â€Å"hoops†, car rides in my†¦show more content†¦It’s ill advised to exercise too hard without a chance to recuperate; in contrast, the physical laborers that make up my country’s workforce are expected to return to physical jobs, day after day, regardless of the long-term damage that may be done to a person’s health. Roofing was the first among a progression of backbreaking jobs. I cannot imagine that an outsider would know what true exhaustion is until that individual has depleted all their energy performing such work. For example, a bundle of roofing tiles commonly weighs sixty to eighty pounds; my responsibility was to hoist bundles on my shoulder, climb a ladder, navigate a pitched roof, often in eighty to one-hundred-degree weather, for eight to nine hours a day. What do you think that does to a person over time? The reality is that most people work until they cannot. The roofing position turned out to be temporary, and I cannot say I was saddened to find myself looking for a new job after my initial summer season. Finding employment without a college degree, relevant work experience, or job connections really limit what a prospective employee can hope to find, and I soon found myself slogging away yet again with more physical labor. This time, at a major electronics retailer, where it was my responsibility to move large appliances, and heavy tube televisions. Things were stable and the pay kept me fed and clothed, but I wasn’t happy at all. After a couple years, and with aShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Maya Derens Meshes Of The Afternoon1287 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Deren’s Meshes of the Afternoon, (1943) is a 14 minute black and white 16mm film that captures simple realities like walking around one’s house, cutting bread, etc, and turning that narrative into a warped and surrealistic reality that is eerie and chillin g, but ultimately there is still familiarity in it’s truth and sensibility. In addition to it being cinematically masterful, Deren’s approach in the choices she made were remarkable and iconic in terms of editing because of the time period’sRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1693 Words   |  7 Pagesour earliest surviving examples of Greek literature, record men s interactions with various gods and goddesses whose characters and appearances underwent little change in the centuries that followed. The Greeks attributed these epic narratives to Homer, a poet living at the end of the 8th century BC Each Greek city was normally under the protection of one or more individual deities who were worshipped with special emphasis, as, for example, Athens and the goddess Athena. While many sanctuaries honoredRead MoreNotes Of A Native Son1335 Words   |  6 Pageslives. (Examples: page 17 at the end of the paragraph and beginning of page 18)... (I had the extreme old fortu ne) The two essays have similarities. James Baldwin, as he was talking of growth between cultures, foundations and ideas, the time he was living, affected a certain stage of his life. His father was a very private man. His mother was a supporter, although the family does not have good communication and a bad relationship as a family. James got into an emotional state of crisis and left homeRead MoreEffects Of Excluding African Religions And Beliefs From Global Discourse Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pageswill attempt to present how this exclusion occurs or might occur, and lastly what its implications of are. To begin, my proposal to pursue this discourse stems from the class reading assignment related to â€Å"emerging† global consciousness as a narrative under a concept of â€Å"theory of religion†. This sentiment originated from commentary on the â€Å"emergence† of a new global religion written by Dr. Mark Juergensmeyer in his response to Sociologist Robert Bellah’s Global Religion. He stated: ThisRead MoreRepresentation Of Indian Literature And Film2537 Words   |  11 PagesRepresentation of Maori in New Zealand narratives; literature and film, has been a criticised problem by Maori and academics for centuries. I will explore the representation of Maori in film and literature through a mana wahine context, directed by leading national and international mana wahine scholars. My aim is to shed light on issues that surround Maori representation and issues within the Maori community. My capstone project aims to give Maori a strong, self-affirming voice. I want to reclaimRead MoreA Research Study On Secondary School Teachers Perceptions Of Ipad Integration And The Meanings1775 Words   |  8 Pagesinterpreted. The author also explained that the chosen method is based upon the researcher’s philosophical assumptions and the research design (Creswell, 2013). Also to be considered is the problem being addressed through the study, the researcher’s personal experie nces, and the study’s audience (Creswell, 2013). Research methods are chosen based upon whether the researcher is conducting a quantitative or qualitative study. 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In stating that God is dead, it has to be shown that: * Is God dead? * Science and technology can solve the world’s problems * God died as a transcendent God when Christ died * The Bible is narrative (i.e. myth) This review of the God-Is-Dead theology focuses on these four questions. Is God Dead? In an article written in the Chicago Tribune in 1963 it is stated that two men (Thomas Altizer and William Hamilton) experiencedRead MorePotential Effects Of Excluding African Religions And Beliefs From Global Discourse Essay1781 Words   |  8 Pageswill attempt to suggest the implications of exclusing African Religions and Beliefs from Global discourse.. To begin, my proposal to pursue this discourse stems from the class reading assignment related to â€Å"emerging† global consciousness as a narrative under a concept of â€Å"theory of religion†. This sentiment originated from commentary on the â€Å"emergence† of a new global religion written by Dr. Mark Juergensmeyer in his response to Sociologist Robert Bellah’s Global Religion. He stated: ThisRead MoreUse Of A Personal Identity Versus A Social Identity1889 Words   |  8 Pagesof a personal identity versus a social identity. Instagram is an image-based social media platform mainly used by young persons under the age of 34 (Statista). Its launch in 2010 (Geoff) originally offered a relatively simple interface, allowing users to post only perfectly square pictures of a certain size. They eventually expanded to 15 second video clips in 2013 (Taylor), and in 2016 introduced a â€Å"Stories† feature (Bradford), which allows users to post images and videos to a personal â€Å"Story†

Main Causes of American Intervention in World War I Free Essays

string(88) " of 1812 and was motivated by neutrality by â€Å"trying to avoid unnecessary trouble\." The war was between the Triple Entente-? Great Britain, Russia, and France-?and the Central Powers, which was comprised of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. The vast majority of Americans strongly designated themselves a neutral nation. They believed themselves morally superior to war and viewed it to be an unnecessary, primitive solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Causes of American Intervention in World War I or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even President Woodrow Wilson immediately announced America’s neutrality, after recently winning the presidential election in 1916 for his second consecutive term, bearing the campaign slogan â€Å"He kept us out of war. However, despite Minimal disapproval of World War l. Many controversial events and certain predictions caused the united States to teeter between the line of isolation and intervention. It was President Willow’s strong guidance and insightful evaluations of foreign actions and domestic reactions that led to America’s involvement in the Great War on April 6, 1917. Right from the start, both Germany and Britain quickly began spreading propaganda, attempting to promote their own country motives and Justify their grounds for being in the war. Propaganda Is defined as information, Ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, Institution, or nation. Both nations were affecting public opinion, but in the summer of 1915, German doctor Heimlich Albert mistakenly put a halt to Germany’s influence. Albert was a preventative of the German Information Service, an agency that was responsible for dispersing rumors in the United States. As he quickly rushed to board his train, he unknowingly left his briefcase, containing German propaganda. After It was recovered by an American secret service agent, the documents and their purpose were quickly known throughout the nation, giving citizens a negative perception of Germany. British propaganda was also in circulation, and although this possibility was known by the American population, it was never proved, making it difficult to decipher reliable information from exaggerated. Generally these ideas proposed hat it was German aggression that was responsible for the provocation of the war In Europe, and the Allies-?the Triple Entente-?were simply fighting In defense of collocation gallant tenet Darrell opposition. Germany was salsa to nave uses â€Å"ruthless, militaristic war tactics† and to have an autocratic society, which contested America’s democratic society. In an effort to coax American entry, Britain asserted that the war was unfolding in their favor, and the outcome seemed promising. However, they were actually in financial straits and struggling to survive, but they did not want America to think the war was a lost cause. Ironically, this assurance had an opposite effect on America’s willingness to assist them. The public proclaimed that if the Triple Entente expected victory, then American intervention would be a pointless waste of money, resources, and lives. Germany’s war tactics and disregard toward the rules of engagement of war also negatively impacted America’s Judgment of them. Early in the war Germany invaded Belgium, a country that pronounced its neutrality as America did, and fought on the soil of an unwilling nation. While occupying Belgium for more than four years, the Germans shot thousands of civilians, dotted and burned towns, and deported civilians, forcing them to assemble weapons and build defenses. The German chancellor referred too peace treaty written in agreement between the two nations as a â€Å"scrap of paper. † This disrespect to the wishes of Belgium was later called â€Å"The Rape of Belgium† and portrayed English- speaking countries as defenders of freedom. To add to Germany’s misconduct, the tactics that they used during the war appalled the American nation. They deployed â€Å"dirigible† bombardments on cities, which was combat through a blimp-like airship. This aerial attack would stream poisonous gas over enemy areas, impartially taking he lives of both innocent civilians and soldiers. An inhumane and deadly technique such as this had previously been unknown to the world. Similarly, the engagement of submarine warfare, with their newly developed U-boats, hurt Germany’s cause in the battle for American support. Germany utilized their new technology of U-boats to destroy both enemy warships and merchant vessels of nonbelligerent nations, some of which contained American citizens, enraging the United States. U-boats were small, slow-moving, and vulnerable, but they were the first submarines the world had ever seen, so defending them was difficult, even for the world-renowned British navy. The Germans used this stealthy weapon to overcome the blockade that was implemented by the British fleet. The impenetrable fleet effectively prevented all trade ships containing weapons or food from reaching countries occupied by the Central Power, as well as neighboring neutral countries. They also cut all undersea communication cables. The German sinking of American ships the Louisiana and Sussex had the most significant response from the United States. It was after this complete disregard for U. S. Requests that Wilson concluded he could no longer imply ignore Germany’s constant, rebellious insubordination. He began to realize that war was imminent. In 1915, U-boats sank the American merchant vessel the Louisiana, killing 128 American citizens. Still wanting to maintain neutrality, President Wilson reacted by merely demanding that Germany abide by protocol of restricted warfare, in addition to arming merchant vessels for defense. Germany agreed but then later declared unlimited warfare on all ships, openly admitting that â€Å"mistakes will be made. † In 1917, the U-boats sank another American vessel, the Sussex, killing another 25 Americans. Although Germany argued that it was difficult to identify the ship, Americans were clearly frustrated with their lack of discretion. Despite this Loosely AT Electroscope, American colleens exclusively continual to remain neutral. I nee reasoned that the few Americans taken by German U-boats were not worth risking the lives of the 100 million Americans that were left. Instead, they criticized Wilson for the tragedy. They claimed that he provoked the attack by being a â€Å"silent member† of the Allies through one-sided trade and allowing the expansion of their blockade without a diplomatic challenge. However, Woodrow Wilson maintained that he was imply learning from the mistakes that led to the War of 1812 and was motivated by neutrality by â€Å"trying to avoid unnecessary trouble. You read "Main Causes of American Intervention in World War I" in category "Papers" † In fact, when the United States learned of what later became known as the infamous Zimmerman Telegram, it was determined that the attack was offensive and would have occurred even if Wilson had contested the blockade. In January of 1917, British intelligence intercepted and deciphered a telegram sent from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German minister of Mexico, von Gerhardt. This occurred shortly after Germany sunk the Sussex, and it revealed Germany’s true intentions toward the U. S. The telegram offered American territory to Mexico that America won during the Mexican- American War in the late sass’s. In return, Germany requested that Mexico attack the United States if they should enter the Great War on the side of the Triple Entente, and to also request the aid of Japan. This clearly demonstrated that the sinking of the Sussex was an attack intended to lure America into the war, and Mexico, as well, to fight alongside Germany. Before this document was found, Wilson still chose neutrality in the face of American casualties, saying, â€Å"There is such a thing as a man Ewing too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not need to convince others by force that it is right. † The telegram, along with encounters with Germany before the Great War, caused Wilson to contemplate intervention. During the Spanish-American War, in 1898, many perceived Germany to be a potential threat to America’s interests and security because of the similarities between the two nations. Both were Just beginning to establish themselves as great world powers that were rapidly industrialized and seeking overseas markets, naturally creating a rivalry. German interest in the Philippine Islands, West Indies, Galapagos Islands, and Haiti was also unsettling because it posed a threat to the completion of the Panama Canal, which was finished in August of 1914. Germany’s desire to expand to the Western Hemisphere worried President Wilson, and the main deterrent of this expansion, until this point, had been from Britain’s control over the Atlantic. Wilson, along with many others, feared that if the Central Powers overcame the Triple Entente, Germany would become the new naval supremacy, over Great Britain. This conclusion became known as the â€Å"realist appraisal. The realist appraisal proclaimed that British victory was essential to American security, because they were needed by the United States to provide a balance of powers. It was widely agreed that America and Great Britain had paralleled interests. Without this balance of power, Germany would see no resistance if they decided to attack America. This claim was consistent in many people, including James W. Gerard, the American Ambassador to Germany, who said, â€Å"We are next on [Germany’s] list,† if they won the war. With this risk in mind, the Monroe Doctrine quickly became Jeopardized. The Monroe Doctrine was institutionalized by President James Monroe in 1823 and was composed of three main concepts. The first stated that the Western Hemisphere of ten world would a De Innocence Day America, Ana ten Eastern Hemisphere Day Europe. The second and third concepts opposed colonization and intervention. With these concepts in mind, it is evident that the doctrine is likely to be violated by Germany upon the victory of the Central Powers, because they would intervene in America’s hemisphere. In order to preserve the proclamation, America’s intervention was deed. The night before the United States announced its entrance into the war, the newly appointed secretary of state, Robert Lansing, wrote, The Allies must not be beaten. It would mean the triumph of autocracy over democracy; the shattering of all our moral standards; and real, although it may seem remote, peril to our independence and institutions. President Wilson desperately struggled to keep peace with Germany in order to save American lives, but his attempts were hopeless. He was aware that an Allied victory was more favorable to American interests, but he also believed that the war would leave Germany weak and unable to pose an immediate threat to America. In the years that Germany needed to recuperate its army and replenish resources, Wilson planned to strengthen the Ana and prepare for a possible war. However, upon Germany’s denial of Willow’s two peace proposals and the renewal of submarine warfare, which Germany had consistently added to over the last few years, the president’s plan seemed too far away. Germany’s lack of effort to come to peace with America predicted their intention on making America the next target sooner than expected. In addition to the influences by Lansing and future president Theodore Roosevelt, President Wilson realized that an intervention was more necessary than previously assumed, and he knew that he would need the support of his country if he was going to succeed in involving the nation. Primarily through propaganda, the U. S. Government caused the change in public opinion from isolation to intervention. Most of the nation continuously adhered to an isolationist prospective, but those who held the view of the realist appraisal also happened to be those in Eastern America who had a strong influence on public opinion. On April 13, the Committee on Public Information (ICP) was assembled by President Wilson to conduct American propaganda in the United States and overseas. George Creel, the selected manager of the committee, called it the â€Å"world’s greatest adventure in advertising,† because it essentially â€Å"advertised† the war to the American people. The three main themes that were portrayed were unity, the image of a despicable enemy, and the idea of a crusade for peace and freedom. They overwhelmed the press with so much information that it was practically impossible to determine what was exaggerated from what was not. Slowly, intervention began to gain nationwide support. Once Congress accepted a declaration for war from President Wilson, America would officially be in the war. Wilson addressed Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, through what has been claimed to â€Å"rank among the three or four greatest presidential speeches in American history. † He argued that in reality, America had been in the war ever since their vessels were sunk by German U-boats. Because of this, it was only logical to officially announce involvement in order to gain any advantages that it might bring. Wilson also emphasized that America was not at war with Germany but at war with the autocratic government instead. The world must be safe for democracy’ was the point that he conveyed, and if the Central Powers won the war, democracy would, in fact, be in peril. Both George Washington Ana I mommas Jefferson warned against â€Å"entangling alliances† Ana promoted Isolation to avoid foreign wars. This attitude was maintained and universally accepted since the War of 1812, but this principle was no longer sufficient. Since the war in Europe began in 1914, countless events occurred that warranted U. S. Entry into the war, but they were all rationalized to maintain isolation. President Woodrow Wilson thoroughly examined what had happened up to that point and carefully calculated the events that would ensue, and he wisely decided to Join Great Britain on the side of the Triple Entente. He unified the nation and created universal support, which led to the Allied victory on November 1 1, 1918, preserving democracy for the world, along with the bright future of the United States. The end of the war marked a new era in history, one that held the United States at the pinnacle of the world’s great powers. Endnotes How to cite Main Causes of American Intervention in World War I, Essays

Reflection Paper on Technology in the Classroom free essay sample

As I reflect on the revamping and upgrading of the technology department within the classrooms of the Kelsey Unified School District, I can see that many improvements have to be made. The purpose of the technology upgrade is to incorporate technology into the classroom. Within time technology within the classroom will help to raise or improve the students’ test scores at each grade level throughout the entire school district. The teachers will benefit from the upgraded technology department because it will help the teachers to adapt to the students’ different learning styles because technology is a teaching tool. The students will benefit from the use of technology in the classroom because it is a learning tool. Technology in the classroom will help to increase the students’ interest in learning. There are many different types of technology that can be used in the classroom: †¢Smart Boards are used instead of the white boards or chalk boards. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper on Technology in the Classroom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can be used to teach interactive lessons in almost all of the major subjects, including math, spelling, language arts, etc. The technology equipment would be networked throughout the each school. †¢Desktop computers are used by the teachers in the classroom to prepare or create lessons for the students or documents for the parents. The students will the desktop computers to complete their daily activities as a part of technology in the classroom. †¢Laptops are used by the teachers when they need to complete work at home. Teachers do not have a great deal of spare time at school to get certain things done so they may need to work at home more frequently. Students may need to take laptops home in order to get their assignments done if they do not have access to a computer at their own homes. †¢IPads or other types of tablets are used in some classrooms because they are portable. IPads make it very easy for the students to follow along and get their activities done quicker. The students can use the iPads while sitting at their desks. Incorporating that technology in the classroom and daily lesson plans can be a challenge for many teachers, as they must choose the most efficient means of delivering a lesson and the assignments that reinforce it while staying on target with imposed standards. However, many teachers are finding that once they incorporate technology in the classroom, it benefits their students by engaging them in ways they are familiar with and enjoy, which ultimately makes their job easier† (wiseGEEK, 2012). The principals will benefit from the upgraded technology department because the test scores will eventually improve which is a good thing for the schools and the school district. Higher test scores are very beneficial for all of the employees and school board members of the Kelsey Unified School District. The students and parents will benefit from the more advanced technology department because the students and parents will be exposed to many different types of technology that they may not have been exposed to without the upgrade in technology throughout the school district. The schools are allotted a great deal of funds from the government when the test scores are far below average. The money is to be used in whatever way the principal desires in order to raise the test scores. The money can be used to purchase equipment, to hire additional staff or faculty members, to conduct training sessions for staff development, etc. as long as it is used for the purpose it was allotted, which is to raise test scores. Although the schools get more funds when the test scores are low, the teachers, principals, and other school district employees want the test scores to go up. Education is about learning and showing what has been learned and that is why raising the test scores is important to everyone who is involved. Raising the test scores is not something that can happen overnight. The raising of test scores is an ongoing process that takes time because the students will be taught how to take a test rather than actual material to memorize.

Analysis The Bedford Reader Essay Example

Analysis: The Bedford Reader Essay Bedford Reader, the techniques of narration and specific narratives are assessed. To begin, a definition of a narrative Is clarified, a narrative may be short or long, factual or imagined, as artless as a tale told in a locker room or as artful as a novel by Henry James (40). The passages go in-depth into the process of storytelling, picking apart the importance of each piece, and allowing the reader to understand the simplicity of an essay, or in this case, a narrative. The passage valuates a method of a summary with an analogy, A summary Is to a scene, then, as a simple stick figure Is to a portrait in oils (44). Simply stated, this means that a summary Is as effective as a story written In complete and prolific detail. The Bedford Reader supplies the reader with examples and lectures to portray exactly what the detail of the narrative should include, and the purpose of the piece. 2) First Person Point of View: Next thing I knew, I was up the stairs and on my bed, crying away in the dark my guilt and embarrassment. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: The Bedford Reader specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: The Bedford Reader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: The Bedford Reader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I cried and cried, asking myself how could I have been so lacking In pride as to shame myself and my entire race by butting In where I wasnt wanted. And this just to make some amateur music. To this I had no answers but then and there I made a vow that it would never happen again. And then, slowly, slowly, as I lay in the dark, my earlier lessons in the absurd nature of racial relations came to my aid. And suddenly I find myself laughing, both at the way Id run away and the shock Id caused by Joining unasked In the music. Third Person Point of View: Next thing he knew, he was up the stairs and on his bed, crying away in the dark his guilt and embarrassment. He cried and cried, asking himself how could he have been so lacking in pride as to shame himself and his entire race by butting in where he wasnt wanted. And this Just to make some amateur music. To this he had no answers but then and there he made a vow that It would never happen again. And then, slowly, slowly, as he lay In the dark, his earlier lessons In the absurd nature of racial relations came to his aid. And suddenly he found himself laughing, both at the ay hed run away and the shock hed caused by joining unasked in the music. Analysis: As the passage being told in first person, this creates a point of view that allows the reader to witness first-hand what the character is experiencing, but not necessarily feel any relation to them. The use of l allows the reader to sort of Imagine their own adventure, or base the story on their own Ideas or Interpretations. The third person point of view for On Being a Target for Discrimination, separates the reader from the speaker of the passage. By using next thing he knew, and he found himself laughing, (61) the reader develops a sense of what the character is feeling, but not on a personal level. The situation of the scene is almost as someone was looking down from above and witnessing the accounts, but not necessarily emotionally Involved. On Being a Target for Discrimination, Ralph Ellisons subsequent use of ten 2nd-person pilot AT blew made ten passage Doolittle to read as ten repetition AT you and yours were overwhelming. As the current literature read today, the 2nd person point of view is not common, Ellisons use of you/your has a specific purpose, allowing the reader to sympathize with the struggle the character experiences. By allowing yourself to capture the mind of the main character and shadow them as they undergo the struggles of racial discriminations and the personal emotions that are suffered along with it. Using this point of view can be risky, and most authors wont take the challenge upon themselves, creating a notable piece of work that forces the reader to take part in the actual situation. 3) Connections The key similarity between the point of view of Champion of the World, and On Being the Target of Discrimination, is obviously that both authors share the same racial background. Maya Angelo and Ralph Ellison, being African-American, display their similar attitudes and values; however their styles of point of view are what distinctly detach them. In Mamas point of view of the character, Joe Louis, he finds himself overcoming the racial boundaries through violent means, unlike Rallys character that is discovering himself through revelation.

Europes Domination on Africa DBQ Essays

Europes Domination on Africa DBQ Essays Europes Domination on Africa DBQ Paper Europes Domination on Africa DBQ Paper King Leopard expressed his desire for a slice of African cake. Leopard compared Africa with a piece of cake because he believed Africa to be a very delightful continent as a cake would be, so he becomes hungry to establish his own colony In a country of Africa. Between the 1 sass and 19005, Africa faced European Imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressures, military Invasions, and eventual conquest and colonization. The driving forces behind European domination in Africa included political power, economic and industrial reasons, and national pride. However, the cost important cause of imperialism was Rupees economic and industrial reasons. A driving force behind European imperialism in Africa is political power. In document A, a map is shown, showing the number of African colonies dominated by European countries. This shows Rupees lust desire for power in Africans government because, the amount of land back then, meant the amount of political power one had of the African government. Another reason that Europe dominated Africa was because of their national pride. Short excerpts from Document B show that Europe had a lot of national pride by explaining that European countries need to rule a lot of colonies so that each county pride doesnt die. Document F shows a poem Introducing the idea of a white mans burden of civilizing other people. This shows national pride because it is explaining that white men are an example to other people, resulting for it to be the white mans job to civilize other human beings. An important cause of imperialism in Africa was Rupees economic and industrial reasons. Document D shows the resources exported from an African colony to Europe. This shows that a European country colonized an African country for its resources. Also, in Document F, it shows the number of imports and exports between Africa and Europe. The number of imports and exports both increased, but the exports to Africa Increased greatly, surpassing the number of imports from Africa. The two documents show that Europe colonized African countries for Its resources to better their Industries and economy. For Rupees benefit, Europe exported things to Africa to make money in both places: Africa and Europe. Although other forces were behind European imperialism in Africa, in the 19th century, like, technology, resources, and Rupees cultural pride, the three most important were political power, national pride, and economic reasons. These three driving forces caused Europe to dominate Africa for the benefit of Rupees countries. Rupees Domination on Africa DB By join_lee continent as a cake would be, so he becomes hungry to establish his own colony in a country of Africa. Between the sass and sass, Africa faced European imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressures, military invasions, and eventual conquest and explaining that European countries need to rule a lot of colonies so that each county pride doesnt die. Document F shows a poem introducing the idea of a white mans exports to Africa increased greatly, surpassing the number of imports from Africa. The two documents show that Europe colonized African countries for its resources to better their industries and economy. For Rupees benefit, Europe exported things to Africa to make money in both places; Africa and Europe.

M5 Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M5 Reflection - Essay Example Therefore, it follows that if the administrator motivates his teaching staff, the same concept can be transferred by the teaching staff to students (Skretta, 2007. The underlying concept is that the administrator will be able to perceive and direct his individual efforts towards connecting professionally with the larger teaching and learning community. Staff experience is critical in hiring effective teachers (Melnick & Meister, 2008). An experienced staff can design interview questions during hiring and determine levels of effectiveness. Essentially, this means he staff can also participate in the development of the new teachers. Teacher development knowledge can be related to staff members by ensuring it is an ongoing process (Bloom, 2007). Equally importantly, professional development will need to be differentiated from academic development. Ethical decisions during hiring include just and unprejudiced judgments. Teachers will be hired strictly on merit rather than vested interests. This also entails having the right recruitment and hiring teams in place. Guiding principles that ensure interaction with teachers is fair and characterized by integrity must be based on teacher support systems (Perez-Katz, 2007). The essence of this approach is apparent when viewed from the angle that such relationships must stem from the need of d eveloping teachers, creating appropriate learning environments and ultimately aimed at improving student performance. One strategy to improve teacher support is to first identify the different levels of support needed by different teachers (Skretta, 2007. Again, the key tool is differentiating professional from academic development. It is also crucial for the school to own the curriculum and then pair teaching time in which teachers learn to work collaboratively (Perez-Katz, 2007). Differentiated, learner-centered can be used

Troubled asset relief program Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Troubled asset relief program - Term Paper Example espread opposition from the public and was quickly billed as ‘the Wall Street bailout.’ There was greater possibility that the implementation of the policy was largely influenced by the US financial sector. Beginning 2005, the housing prices in the US peaked and began to decline. The same trend happened in the value of mortgage-backed securities (MBS). This trend is known as ‘collateralized debt obligation (CDO). The CDO compromised a greater portion of many financial institutions’ asset portfolios. The situation worsened and this lead to the collapse of Lehman Brothers on September 2008. The proximal event led to the introduction of TARP. The Treasury injected approximately $250 billion in TARP program (Cornett, Li and Tehranian 731). The Treasury injected these funds directly into the US banking system through purchasing senior preferred stock and warrants in qualifying financial institutions. In the end, the total available funds were estimated to have amounted to $700 billion. This amount makes TARP the largest program ever promoted by the government of the United States (Garrica, Puddu and Walchli 7). The situation worsened such that on September 2008; Dow Jones Industrial lost 4.4 percent or 504 points. The crisis escalated resulting in more bankruptcies including AIG’s. Hank Paulson, who was the then Treasury Secretary, proposed that TARP be implemented. The objective of the implementation of TARP was to recapitalize the financial institutions with liquidity problems using federal funds. In general, the US Treasury intention was to use TARP in helping banks to improve their balance sheets and increase the robustness of the financial system (Garrica, Puddu and Walchli 1). Paulson introduced legislation to the Congress known as EESA. This legislation was an authorization of $700 billion for the purchase of troubled assets including MBSs from banks through TARP. The announcement of TARP by Paulson on September 19 resulted in many large financial

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Operations Management - Essay Example In opposite accord, British Airways is a full service airline model able to provide higher cost ticketing to consumers due to the strength of its brand under a premiumisation model in marketing. British Airways is able to maintain its competitive edge through operational structuring with emphasis on technology support, dependability, and high quality especially as it pertains to employee engagement with revenue-building consumers. Both airlines have significantly different operational strategies, giving each a unique competitive advantage stemming from operational strategy development and implementation. This report illustrates the unique strategic operational return on investments for both companies that continue to sustain these airline models. The operational strategies of Ryanair and BA For companies that maintain a broad and diverse supply chain network in order to provide products and services, such as British Airways, holding costs for warehousing and inventory management are significant. These costs include space, labour support, utilities, and even taxation (Heizer and Render 2004). For diverse procurement models, these costs are unavoidable as facility management requires expenditures for support labour and technology support on receivables and deliverables (Heizer and Render 2004). ... -fluctuating consumer demand in this industry that affect strategic planning and operational procurement (British Airways 2010; Anderson and Day 2009). Coupled with vendor-supplied materials needed to carry out its full-service model, it was no longer efficient for British Airways to maintain decentralised procurement strategies with products deliverable from over 80 different countries. The costs of procurement and warehousing were adding unavoidable, variable costs into the business model that continued to seize competitive cost advantages from British Airways. Low-cost, no-frills carriers were emerging in multiple consumer sectors that were able to negate high inventory holding costs and distribution costs associated with a diverse supply chain network. As it pertains to the costs of procurement, British Airways faced a trade-off situation: Continue to absorb costs by operating under a decentralised supply chain strategy to avoid change or to sustain and allocate capital resources to centralise supply chain strategies and eliminate redundancies. There were multitudes of opportunity costs associated with the existing supply network, therefore the business determined that implementation of appropriate procurement planning software (in this case SAP) were necessary to radically alter the supply network. The business changed its procurement strategy to include development of more strategic alliances with vendors, including involving suppliers during the early stages of product and service development, taking advantage of supplier expertise to assist in creating a mutually-rewarding procurement network. These are significantly important operational strategies for cost controls in supply chain strategies (Copacino 1996; Ragatz 1997). British Airways began to benchmark

Competition Law And Monopsony Economics Essay

Competition Law And Monopsony Economics Essay Can a buyer be the biggest bully? The classical theory of monopsony answers this question. It envisions a market scenario with only one buyer, who can use his leverage to reduce the quantity of product purchased, thereby driving down the price that he has to pay. Seldom does a monopsonistic situation arise in the market, so much so that little has been thought till date about the potential adverse impact of such a scenario on market competition. Another reason for the antitrust analysts apparent neglect of the power on the buyers side of the market may be that such power tends to reduce the selling price of a commodity, thereby causing a prima facie increase in consumer welfare  [1]  , which has always been one of the traditional goals of competition law. The said lack of emphasis, unfortunately, remains blind to the symmetry of markets: for every seller there is a buyer. Therefore, just like sellers, buyers too may have market power. In course of this research project, the researcher intends to drive home the point that price fixing and other forms of collusion are just as unlawful when the victims are sellers rather than buyers. Also referred to as the flip-side version of monopoly  [2]  , monopsony can thus have valid antitrust concerns. The primary aim of this project is to analyze the theory of monopsony from an antitrust law approach. In the first chapter initial part of the project, the researcher has provided a brief description of the standard monopsony theory and the economic implications thereof. In the next chapter, the concerns of monopsony under antitrust law will be addressed with significant emphasis on the concept of abuse of dominant position. Finally, the researcher will give examples of judicial interpretation of monopsonies. All other forms of legislative remedies dealing with monopsony fall outside the scope of this paper. B. Classical Monopsony -What does It Entail? Pure monopsony can be looked upon as the demand-side analogue of the monopolist who is a single seller. It thus follows that just as the monopolist has market power in selling its products; the monopsonist has buying power in purchasing its necessities too.  [3]  The economic grievance towards both is therefore similar too -both cause social welfare losses. From a slightly different perspective, the social welfare effects of monopsony are analogous to those of monopoly -too few resources will be employed in the production.  [4]  At the point where supply intersects with demand, the value of the good, as measured by the demand price, equals the cost to society of providing that quantity as measured by the supply price. At this point, the employment level is optimal in a social sense because all of the gains from trade have been realized, and total welfare is maximized. However, the monopsonist will not hire this number of units because it is not privately optimal to do so; it will employ a smaller quantity. As a result, too few resources will be employed, as has been stated above and the monopsonist will finally forgo potential gains from trade opportunities.  [5]  Since the monopsonist forces a lower price upon suppliers, one may infer that its costs for conversion of the intermediate good into a final one will fall as a result and consumers (of that final good) will benefit through lower prices on the monopsonists output. However, the researcher would like to differ from such inference and point out that the monopsonist does not pass on said lower costs simply because the relevant costs for pricing decisions are marginal costs.  [6]  What the researcher intends to portray is that monopsony power is to the demand side of a market what monopoly power is to the supply side. Monopoly power is indicated by the ability of sellers to raise price above competitive levels, which requires the ability to limit output. Monopsony power, on the other hand, involves the ability of buyers to lower input prices below competitive levels, which requires the ability to restrict the quantity demanded of the input.  [7]  In either case, the quantity that would be exchanged is less than the quantity exchanged under competitive conditions, and the result bespeaks allocative inefficiency.  [8]  Furthermore, the fact that the reduced input prices enjoyed by the monopsonist do not lead to reduced output prices, is, frankly, ironical. On the contrary, when the monopsonist has market power in its output market, the reduced input prices cause higher output prices. C. Monopsonist Concerns- Abuse of dominant position The Indian Competition Act, 2002  [9]  aims at preventing practices which have adverse effect on competition, to protect the interest of consumers and to ensure freedom of trade carried on by other participants, in markets, in India.  [10]  It is important to note here that the Indian Competition Act, like most other legislations introduces the concept of abuse of dominant position. This means that it prohibits only abuse of power not the mere use of it.  [11]   There are primarily three stages in determining whether an enterprise has abused its dominant position. The first stage is defining the relevant market. The second is determining whether the concerned undertaking is in a dominant position in that relevant market. The third stage is the determination of whether the undertaking in a dominant position has engaged in conducts specifically prohibited by the statute or amounting to abuse of dominant position or attempt to monopolize under the applicable law.  [12]   The competition laws of the European Union, United Kingdom, Germany and India contain a general prohibition on the abuse of dominance by undertakings/enterprises. Article 82  [13]  of the Treaty of the EC, Section 18(1)  [14]  of the Competition Act, 1988, U.K., Section 4(1)  [15]  of the Indian Competition Act, 2002, Section 19(1)  [16]  of the German Act Against Restraints on Competition and Section 2  [17]  of the Sherman Act contain provisions on abuse of dominant position. 1. Defining Relevant Market The first step in determining whether an undertaking or firm has abused its dominant position is defining the relevant market which has two broad dimensions namely, the relevant product market and the relevant geographical market.  [18]   The Indian Competition Act, 2002, defines a relevant product market and relevant geographic market. Section 2 (t) defines the relevant product market as a market comprising all those products or services which are regarded as interchangeable or substitutable by the customer, by reason of the characteristics of the product or service, the prices and the intended use. Section 2 (s) defines the relevant geographic market as a market comprising the area in which the conditions of competition for supply of goods or provision of services are sufficiently homogeneous and can be distinguished from the conditions prevailing in neighbourhood areas. There is however, no such case either in India or in other countries, where such a definition has been challenged on the grounds that it takes into account supplier side abuse as only the views of the customers attitude towards substitutability of the goods is taken. Keeping this question aside and assuming that this problem is resolved by judicial interpretation, the other elements of abuse of dominance also need to be assessed. 2. Definition of a Dominant Position While the laws of numerous countries prohibit or declare illegal the abuse of dominant position or monopoly or attempt to monopolizen of certain conduct by undertakings in a dominant position, the manner in which dominant position, monopoly or substantial degree of market power is defined is different in different countries. The concept of dominance is broader than economic power over price. It is not the same as economic monopoly, although a monopoly would clearly be dominant.  [19]  This is a clear indication of the fact that dominance is recognised as cases even apart from monopoly and thus the possibility of characterising monopsony as down-stream dominance strengthens here. Explanation (a) to Section 4 of the Indian Act defines dominant position as dominant position means a position of strength, enjoyed by an enterprise, in the relevant market in India, which enables it to- (i) operate independently of competitive forces prevailing in the relevant market or (ii) affect its competitors or consumers or the relevant market in its favour. Unlike the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act  [20]  where a dominant undertaking had to satisfy a quantitative requirement of control over at least 1/4th of the total goods or services produced or rendered in India, dominant position under the Indian Act  [21]  is a position of strength enjoyed by an enterprise in the relevant market, in India which enables it to operate independently of competitive forces; or affects its competitors or consumers or the relevant market in its favour.  [22]   A number of factors are taken into account to determine whether a particular undertaking or group of undertakings is in a dominant position in the relevant market. The factors to be taken into account are inter alia market share of the undertaking or enterprise, barriers to entry, size of competitors and financial power of the enterprise.  [23]   However, the market share that a particular undertaking has in the relevant market is one of the most important factors to be taken into account to determine whether it is in a dominant position and under the laws of some jurisdictions, the existence of a market share of or above a specified level gives rise to a presumption of existence of a dominant position (although rebuttable).  [24]   In Hoffmann-La Roche Co. AG v Commission of the European Communities  [25]  , it was observed that the existence of very large market shares though a very important factor, is not constant and its importance varies from market to market according to the structure of these markets. The Court observed, Furthermore although the importance of the market shares may vary from one market to another, the view may legitimately be taken that very large shares are in themselves, and save in exceptional circumstances, evidence of the existence of a dominant position.  [26]   Competition authorities can utilise measures like buyer concentration and elasticity of supply, as well as performance measures such as profitability and relative bargaining power compared to the sellers, in order to assist them in the assessment of buyer power. The structure of the buyer and the seller markets must also be taken into account.  [27]  The number of firms is also essential in judging whether buyer concentration can provide a representative measure of buyer power. A small number of firms that account for a high share of purchases indicate that the buyer market is concentrated.  [28]   3. Abuse of Dominant Position The Indian Act does not prohibit dominance or the presence of market power per se, and sheer market power alone, or even market dominance, does not constitute abuse of dominance. Abuse of dominance occurs when a dominant firm, or group of firms, substantially prevents or lessens competition, by engaging in acts that aim to eliminate or discipline competitors, or simply to stop potential competitors from entering the market in question. The treaty of the EC does not contain an express definition of abuse of dominance but merely lists certain conducts which, if engaged in by a dominant undertaking will amount to abuse of dominance. In Hoffmann-La Roche it was observed that, The concept of abuse is an objective concept relating to the behaviour of an undertaking in a dominant position which is such as to influence the structure of a market where , as a result of the very presence of the undertaking in question , the degree of competition is weakened and which , through recourse to methods different from those which condition normal competition in products or services on the basis of the transactions of commercial operators , has the effect of hindering the maintenance of the degree of competition still existing in the market or the growth of that competition.  [29]   In Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Company Inc. v Commission of the European Communities  [30]  it was observed that, Abuse may therefore occur if an undertaking in a dominant position strengthens such position in such a way that the degree of dominance reached substantially fetters competition, i.e. that, only those undertakings remain in the market whose behaviour depends on the dominant one. In the light of the fact that the existing antitrust legislation prohibits only abuses of power, the question assumes significance as to whether in cases of either monopoly or monopsony, it would entail an abuse of market power to use that power merely to influence price. Rationality suggests that the legislative prohibition should extend only to price-only effects. However, later cases will reveal how only price-effects are not enough and that a closer look must be taken to strike down abusive case of monopsony by the judiciary. D. Judicial Trends under Monopsony- A Concern for society? Recent surveys conducted in U.K.  [31]  have revealed that the current judicial trend is towards substantive analysis, instead of the bright line tests  [32]  that were in vogue before. As a result, judges are required to appreciate in entirety economic consequences of an action, lest they commit mistakes. For example, if judiciary uses initial impact on price as the test for prohibited conduct, monopsonistic behaviour may be excused, even when it ought not to be. Such a conclusion, although erroneous, may be reached at in the following cases: first, strictly from substantive perspective, judiciary may perceive lower prices as an indicator of the harmlessness of a practice. Moreover, procedurally speaking, injury suffered by sellers who have been compelled to sell their outputs at lower prices may not qualify as antitrust injury in the traditional sense. The researcher would in this context draw attention towards a recent controversy surrounding the matter of Balmoral Cinema v. Allied Artists Pictures,  [33]  which highlights the significance of proper economic analysis of monopsony scenario. In this case, the exhibitors (buyers) colluded to refrain from competitive bidding for films offered by distributors. While such an action might have fallen foul of standard bright-line antitrust analysis as a per se unlawful horizontal agreement to fix price, the judiciary held instead that the practice of the colluding buyers was simply causing lowering of prices paid by exhibitors to distributors, which might lower prices to movie-goers at the box office, thereby facilitating rather than undermining consumer welfare. Without delving into propriety of the judgement, the researcher would like to posit that it had come perilously close to equating lower prices with overall economic benefit. It is for this very reason that in the case of mono psony, the presence of lower prices should not end the analysis because there is no correlation between an initial decrease in prices and any overall long-run benefits to consumers. E. Conclusion The aforementioned analysis clearly indicates that there is a buyer for every seller and anticompetitive conduct by buyers can cause adverse economic consequences similar to those caused by sellers anticompetitive behaviour. However, the competition policymakers are yet to fully incorporate the symmetry of markets into their analyses, instead restricting their focus solely on seller-behaviour. Especially in a country like India, monopolistic tendencies are in essence sought to be curbed. It is highly doubtful if the courts would really read monopsony into the statute and declare it bad in law as well. The Indian judiciary must strengthen the economic foundations for dealing with anticompetitive conduct by buyers too. The requirement assumes all the more significance owing to the simple statement of fact that concentration of power on the buying side of a market almost inevitably causes a decrease in price, which may tempt a judge in turn to erroneously stop substantive analysis at th at stage, or declare that the plaintiffs have not suffered antitrust injury.  [34]   In course of this project, the researcher has sought to emphasize a few matters. First, lower input prices resulting from the exercise of monopsony power do not ultimately translate into lower prices to the monopsonists customers and increased overall consumer welfare. Thus, neither the substantive nor the procedural analysis should stop with the initial impact on input price. Second, the monopsony model typically employed in many economic texts and antitrust casebooks seriously understates the variety of consequences of the exertion of monopsony power. Finally, the long-run consequences of monopsony must not be ignored. Lower input prices in the short run may mean decreases in both future supply and in ultimate, overall consumer well-being. This conclusion has implications on the debate about whether the antitrust laws should be applied usingconsumer welfare or total welfare standard. Those espousing the consumer welfare standard believe that antitrust analysis should focus on the interests of consumers who purchase a final end product or output in the chain of distribution. In contrast, proponents of the total welfare standard argue that the antitrust laws should seek to maximize societys wealth as a whole rather than focusing on any one type of market participant. The fact that many courts and enforcers outside India have not been reluctant to condemn anticompetitive buy-side conduct, which potentially poses little or no direct threat to consumer welfare, suggests a willingness on their part to take into account the interests of all market participants. Perhaps this indicates some recognition by courts and enforcers that in the long run, monopsony can ultimately be just as harmful to consumers as anticompetitive conduct occurring in the output market. While the judicial decisions may not completely resolve the debate about the consumer welfare and total welfare standards, perhaps it helps to solidify to some degree what courts and enforcers have been suggesting all along-that conduct on the buy side of the market should be treated just as strictly as conduct on the sell side of the market. Thus, the researcher hopes that the Indian law and judiciary will develop, in light of these rulings abroad to set aside the traditional perception of sellers being largely immune to antitrust violations. F. Bibliography Statutes Competition Act, 1988, United Kingdom 6 Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschrà ¤nkungen, GWB (German Act Against Restraints on Competition,1956 6 Sherman Act, United States, 1890 6 The Competition Act, 2002, No. 12 of 2003 5 The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 8 Treaty of the European Communities, 2003 6 Cases Balmoral Cinema v. Allied Artists Pictures, 885 F. 2d 313 (6th Cir. 1989). 8 Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Company Inc. v Commission of the European Communities, [1973] EUECJ C-6/72. 10 Hoffmann-La Roche Co. AG v Commission of the European Communities, ECJ, Case 85/76, Dated 13 February 1979. 9 Ilan Golan v. Pingel Enterprises Inc, 310 F.3d 1360, 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2002) 6 Image Technical Services Inc v. Eastman Kodak Co, (90-1029), 504 U.S. 451 (1992) 6 Queensland Wire Industries Proprietary Limited v. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited and another [1989] HCA 6; (1989) 167 CLR 177 6 United Brands Co and United Brands Continental BV v. The Commission of European Communities, (1978) 1 CMLR 429. 9 Works of Publicists and Authors Geoffrey A. Manne E. Marcellus Williamson, Hot Docs v. Cold Economics: The Use and Misuse of Business Documents in Antitrust Enforcement and Adjudication, 47 Arizona Law Review 609. 12 John J. Flynn, The Misuse of Economic Analysis in Antitrust Litigation, 12 Southwestern University Law Review 335. 5 Leon B. Greenfield Daniel J. Matheson, Rules v. Standards and the Antitrust Jurisprudence of Justice Breyer, 23 (3) Antitrust L. Journal 48 (2009). 11 Mark Furse, Competition Law of the EC and UK, 6th Ed, 2008, Oxford University Press. 10 Natalie Rosenfelt, The Verdict on Monopsony, 20 Loyola Consumer Law Review 402. 4 Remarks of Dr. Betty Bock at University College of London, 55 Antitrust Trade Reg. Rep. (BNA) 109 (July 21, 1988), 11 Richard J. Pierce, Is Post-Chicago Economics Ready for the Courtroom? A Response to Professor Brennan, 69 George Washington Law Review 1103 12 Richard Whish, Competition Law, 6th Ed, 2008, Oxford University Press. 9 Roger D. Blair Jeffrey L. Harrison, Antitrust Policy and Monopsony, 76 Cornell L. Rev. 297 3 Roger G. Noll, Buyer Power and Economic Policy, 72 Antitrust L.Journal. 589, 613 (2005) 4 Web Sources Competition Commission of India, Abuse of Dominance in Indian Comeptition Law, Available at www.competition-commission-india.nic.in//Abuse%20of%20Dominant.pdf, Last visited on 17 March 2011 6 David Waterman, Local Monopsony, Free Riding, and Antitrust Policy, April 1995, Prepared for Presentation at the Fifth Annual Conference of the American Law and Economics Association, May 12-13, 1995, Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=54865, Last visited on 17 March 2011. 3 Dobson Consulting, Buyer power and its impact on competition in the food retail distribution sector of the European Union, (1999), available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/publications/studies/bpifrs/ , last visited on 17 March, 2011. 9 G.R. Bhatia, Abuse of Dominance, Available at www.competition-commission-india.nic.in//ABUSE%20OF%20DOMINANCE.pdf, Last visited on 17 March 2011. 5 G.R. 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Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Essa

Outline Thesis: At the moment, there is no definitive answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, compelling evidence that the theory of Nature via. Nurture could be the solution. I. Introduction A. Nature versus Nurture II. Nature vs. Nurture A. Nature: Genetic Factors 1. Nature Defined 2. Genes Defined 3. Human Genome Project B. Nurture: Environmental Factors 1. Nurture Defined 2. Biological and Social Environment C. Behavioral Genetics III. Twins A. Twins Defined B. Types of Twins 1. Identical Twins 2. Fraternal Twins C. Twin Studies 1. Definition and Validity 2. The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns 3. Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart 4. Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) 5. Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) D. Twin Stories 1. Jim Twins 2. Beth and Amy 3. Harold and Bernard Shapiro 4. Judith and Julie Swain 5. Charlie and Bill Duke IV. Nature via Nurture V. Heritability A. Definition B. Personality C. Intelligence D. Toxic Environment E. Disease and Mental Illness VI. Political and Social Ramifications A. Biological Determinism VII. Conclusion An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Are we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The first attempt to study nature and nurture was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of many researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and adoption studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30. Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture: genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology. 30(1), 32-43. Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you are. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives: Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York: Dutton Segal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies show: The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8. Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295. Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Essa Outline Thesis: At the moment, there is no definitive answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, compelling evidence that the theory of Nature via. Nurture could be the solution. I. Introduction A. Nature versus Nurture II. Nature vs. Nurture A. Nature: Genetic Factors 1. Nature Defined 2. Genes Defined 3. Human Genome Project B. Nurture: Environmental Factors 1. Nurture Defined 2. Biological and Social Environment C. Behavioral Genetics III. Twins A. Twins Defined B. Types of Twins 1. Identical Twins 2. Fraternal Twins C. Twin Studies 1. Definition and Validity 2. The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns 3. Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart 4. Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) 5. Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) D. Twin Stories 1. Jim Twins 2. Beth and Amy 3. Harold and Bernard Shapiro 4. Judith and Julie Swain 5. Charlie and Bill Duke IV. Nature via Nurture V. Heritability A. Definition B. Personality C. Intelligence D. Toxic Environment E. Disease and Mental Illness VI. Political and Social Ramifications A. Biological Determinism VII. Conclusion An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Are we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The first attempt to study nature and nurture was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of many researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and adoption studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30. Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture: genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology. 30(1), 32-43. Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you are. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives: Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York: Dutton Segal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies show: The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8. Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295.